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Teaching Geoscientific Thinking

The methods and ways of thinking that are intrinsic to Earth science differ in important ways from the experimental procedures that are commonly taught in schools as the scientific method. For example, geoscientists make direct observations of the Earth in the field, compile multiple lines of evidence, engage spatial and temporal reasoning, and place their work in the context of the complex Earth system (Manduca and Kastens, 2012).


Students in all disciplines can benefit from a better understanding of the way that geoscientists think and reason through a question, whether they are geoscience majors who will do research, education majors who will teach geoscience, economics majors who will assess the value of a resource or the impacts of climate change, or anyone who will need to make informed decisions about the risk of encountering a natural hazard.

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